AC: Author's Collection
AD: Floyd and Marion Rinhart, The American Daguerreotype (Athens,
Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1981)
BA: Baltimore American and Commercial Daily Advertiser
BD: Business directories for the years cited
CD: City directories for the years cited
DC: R.G. Dun & Co. Collection, Baker Library, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration
HCP: A Half Century's Progress of the City of Baltimore (New York: International Publishing Co., 1886)
IRA: Internal Revenue Assessment Lists for Maryland, RG 58, National Archives
ITA: Solomon N. Carvalho, Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West (New York: Derby & Jackson, 1857)
JB: Isidor Blum, The Jews of Baltimore (Baltimore: Historical Review Publishing Company, 1910)
MRS: Maryland Historical Society Collection
NAI: Paula Fleming and Judith Luskey, North American Indians in Early Photographs (New York: Dorset Press, 1988)
PA: William Welling, Photography in America: The Formative Years
1839-1900 (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1978)
PC: Private Collection
PF: Richard Walzl, The Photographer's Friend, Volumes I-IV, 1871-1874
PFAJ: The Photographic and Fine An Joumal, New York, 1854-1860
PP: The Philadelphia Photographer, Philadelphia, Pa., 1864-1888
PV: Louis Ginsberg, Photographers in Virginia, 1839-1900 (Petersburg, Va.: Louis Ginsberg, 1986)
SD: State directories for the years cited
TS: The Sun (Baltimore)
USC: United States Population Census for the years cited
USMC: United States Census of Manufacturing for the years cited